ABSTRACT
Objetivo: investigar a correlação da carga de trabalho de enfermagem e índice de gravidade em pacientes com COVID-19, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado entre fevereiro e outubro de 2020, com dados de 93 pacientes com COVID-19. A análise da gravidade foi realizada segundo o Acute Physiology Age and Chronic Health Evaluation e a carga de trabalho pelo Nursing Activities Score. Resultados: prevaleceram idosos, sexo masculino, com uma ou mais comorbidades, com internação superior a sete dias. A média do Nursing Activities Score admissional foi de 74,2 pontos e o índice de gravidade de 24,47, com letalidade de 66,6%. Identificada correlação significante entre carga de trabalho e gravidade do paciente (0,5132; p<0,0001). Conclusão: carga de trabalho de enfermagem correlacionou-se moderadamente com a gravidade dos pacientes com COVID-19. Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar no dimensionado de enfermagem e prevenção de eventos adversos.
Objective: to investigate the correlation between nursing workload and severity index in patients with COVID-19 in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Method: this retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between February and October 2020, with data from 93 patients with COVID-19. Severity analysis was performed according to the Acute Physiology Age and Chronic Health Evaluation method and workload, by the Nursing Activities Score. Results: patients were predominantly elderly, male, with one or more comorbidities, and hospitalized for more than seven days. The average Nursing Activities Score at admission was 74.2 and the severity index was 24.47, with 66.6% lethality. Significant correlation was found between workload and patient severity (0.5132; p<0.0001). Conclusion: nursing workload correlated moderately with severity of patients with COVID-19. The study findings can help in scaling nursing staffs and preventing adverse events.
Objetivo: investigar la correlación de la carga de trabajo de enfermería y el índice de gravedad en pacientes con COVID-19, en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. Método: estudio transversal, retrospectivo, realizado entre febrero y octubre de 2020, con datos de 93 pacientes con COVID-19. El análisis de la severidad se realizó de acuerdo con la Acute Physiology Age and Chronic Health Evaluation y la carga de trabajo de acuerdo con el Nursing Activities Score. Resultados: predominó el adulto mayor, del sexo masculino, con una o más comorbilidades, hospitalizado desde hace más de siete días. El Nursing Activities Score medio al ingreso fue de 74,2 puntos y el índice de gravedad de 24,47, con una letalidad del 66,6%. Se identificó una correlación significativa entre la carga de trabajo y la gravedad del paciente (0,5132; p<0,0001). Conclusión: la carga de trabajo de enfermería se correlacionó moderadamente con la gravedad de los pacientes con COVID-19. Los resultados de este estudio pueden auxiliar en el dimensionamiento de la enfermería y la prevención de eventos adversos.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Sepsis is the most common cause of death in critically ill patients and it may be associated with multiorgan failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI). This situation can require acute renal support and increase mortality. Therefore, it is essential to administrate antimicrobials in dosis to achieve adequate serum levels, preventing overdosis and drug toxicity or underdosing and risk for resistance to antibiotics and higher mortality. To date, there aren't validated guidelines on antibiotic dosis adjustment in septic patients with AKI and the recommendations are extrapolated from studies conducted in non-critical patients with chronic kidney disease in end stage receiving chronic renal replacement therapy. This study aimed to review and discuss the complexity of that issue, considering the several factors related to the drugs removal: critically ill patient characteristics, antimicrobial properties and dialysis method.
Resumo A sepse é a principal causa de óbito em pacientes críticos e pode cursar com falência de vários órgãos, entre eles os rins, requerendo, com frequência, suporte renal agudo e elevando a mortalidade. Assim, torna-se imprescindível a administração de antimicrobianos em dose que garanta nível sérico adequado para evitar superdosagem e toxicidade medicamentosa ou ainda subdosagem e risco de resistência microbiana, ambas as situações contribuindo para maior mortalidade. Até o momento, não há diretrizes validadas para auxiliar no ajuste de dose de antibióticos nos pacientes sépticos com lesão renal aguda em suporte renal, sendo as recomendações extrapoladas de estudos realizados em pacientes não críticos e com doença renal em estádio final recebendo terapia renal substitutiva crônica. Esse estudo teve como objetivo revisar e discutir a complexidade desse assunto, levando em consideração os vários fatores relacionados à remoção de drogas: características do paciente crítico, propriedades dos antimicrobianos e método dialítico utilizado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/drug therapy , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Venous ulcers represent 70% of the lower limb ulcers. They are difficult to heal, requiring a correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Many products have been developed to healing, such as homologous platelet gel obtained from the platelet concentrate exceeding from blood transfusion. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of homologous platelet gel in venous ulcers compared with hydrocolloid dressing. Method: A pilot randomized clinical trial in patients with venous ulcers. Randomized groups (homologous platelet gel and hydrocolloid groups) were followed for 90 days and were assessed through the evolution of ulcerated area, qualitative analysis of vascularization and adverse events. Both groups used elastic compression. Results: We included 16 participants, with a total of 21 venous ulcers. Both treatments promoted a reduction of the areas of the ulcers in 90 days (mean 69%), there was significant difference between the groups concerning the gradual reduction of the ulcers areas, favorably to the hydrocolloid (70% vs 64%; p <0.01). There were some mild adverse events in both groups. Study limitations: Single-center study with a small number of patients, preventing more accurate assessment of the effects of platelet gel. Conclusion: The homologous platelet gel associated with the elastic compression can be an alternative to the venous ulcer treatment and is safe due to the occurrence of a few mild local adverse events and no serious adverse events. Clinical trials with larger numbers of patients must be performed to maintain the indication of this treatment for venous ulcer.